Magnetic Particle Testing (MPT) is designed to detect surface and near-surface discontinuities in ferromagnetic materials. This method involves applying magnetic fields to the material and spreading fine magnetic particles over its surface. These particles accumulate at areas where the magnetic field is disrupted by flaws, making defects visible.

Liquid Penetrant Testing / Dye Penetrant Testing is used to reveal surface-breaking flaws, such as cracks and porosity. It works by applying a liquid dye to the material's surface, which seeps into any cracks or defects. After the dye penetrates, the excess is removed, and a developer is applied to draw the dye out, highlighting the surface flaws.

Ultrasonic Testing (UT) is a method for detecting internal flaws and measuring material thickness. High-frequency sound waves are transmitted into the material, and their reflections from internal discontinuities are captured by a sensor. The time taken for the waves to return helps identify and locate internal defects.

Ultrasonic Thickness Gauging (UTG) is a specialized form of Ultrasonic Testing focused on measuring material thickness with high precision. It uses sound waves to measure the thickness of the material, making it particularly useful for monitoring corrosion and material thinning.

Vacuum Box Leak Testing is employed to detect leaks in welds, seams, and joints. A vacuum box is placed over the area to be tested, and a bubble solution is applied. Leaks are indicated by the appearance of bubbles in the solution as air escapes from the material.

Visual Testing involves directly inspecting surfaces for visible defects. This straightforward method can be performed with the naked eye or enhanced using tools such as magnifying glasses or borescopes, allowing for the identification of surface flaws like cracks, corrosion, or wear.